ABSTRACT
Introduction: The aim of this research is to analyze the relationships between anxiety and the psychological variables of sports performance, with the history of injuries in high-performance sportsmen.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional and correlational study was designed selecting 63 sportsmen through a stratified random sampling (n= 21 softball, soccer and baseball respectively). To obtain the information and measure the variables, the Questionnaire on Sports Aspects and Injuries, the State -Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State in Competition Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were used. The analysis was carried out using the percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, Kolmogorov - Smirnov, HSD Tukey de Anova and the Pearson correlation coefficient (p≤0.05).ResultsSoftball sportsmen present greater anxiety in competitions (baseball .000; soccer .003) and soccer players have suffered more serious injuries (baseball .008; softball .027). The psychological variables of sports performance that established a relationship with injuries showed an inverse and significant direction such as self-confidence (number of injuries .020), attention control (number .034 and severity .009), negative coping control (number .008 and severity .008) and positive coping control (number .005 and severity .012).ConclusionsA low self-confidence and limited skills to control attention and emotions, make up the vulnerability of the sportsmen studied, which means that a psychological preparation focused on these psychological processes will contribute to the prevention of injuries. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Emotional Intelligence , Self-Control/psychology , Trust/psychology , Athletic Injuries/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Correlation of DataABSTRACT
Resumen La presente investigación se enmarca en el campo de las lesiones deportivas, teniendo como objeto de estudio su relación con las variables psicológicas, asociadas a la ejecución deportiva en lanzadores de béisbol. Se trabajó con 24 lanzadores lo que constituye una población heterogénea en cuanto a edad cronológica, edad deportiva, antecedentes y cantidad de lesiones sufridas. Para su evaluación, se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sobre aspectos deportivos y lesiones, el inventario del estado de ansiedad en competición y el inventario psicológico de ejecución deportiva. Los resultados obtenidos indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el estado de las variables psicológicas entre lanzadores con historial de lesiones y aquellos que no las presentaron en el momento del estudio, lo cual permitió determinar el efecto negativo de las lesiones sobre la autoconfianza, la ansiedad competitiva, el control del afrontamiento negativo, el control de la atención y el control visuoimaginativo. En el grupo de lanzadores con antecedentes de lesiones, se mostraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas en la autoconfianza y el control del afrontamiento negativo, estableciendo relaciones con la cantidad de lesiones sufridas, de manera tal, que, a mayor número de lesiones, mayor es la diferencia en ambas variables. Por otra parte, la motivación, el control de la actitud y el control del afrontamiento positivo no ofrecieron diferencias algunas entre lanzadores que se han lesionado y los que no lo han hecho. El efecto negativo de las lesiones sobre las variables psicológicas estudiadas mostró diferentes niveles de relación y dependencia en estos deportistas estudiados.
Abstract The present research is framed in the field of sports injuries, having as object of study its relation with the psychological variables associated to the sports performance in baseball pitchers. The work was developed with 24 pitchers constituting a heterogeneous population in terms of chronological age, sports age, history and number of injuries suffered. The following instruments were used for its evaluation: Questionnaire on Sports Aspects and Injuries, the Inventory of the State of Anxiety in Competition and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution. The results obtained indicate statistically significant differences in the state of the psychological variables between pitchers with a history of injuries and those who did not at the time of the study, which allowed determining the negative effect of the injuries on self-confidence, competitive anxiety, negative coping control, attention control and imaginative visual control. In the group of pitchers with a history of injuries, statistically significant relationships were shown in self-confidence and negative coping control, establishing relationships with the number of injuries suffered in such a way that the greater the number of injuries, the greater the difference in both variables. On the other hand, motivation, attitude control and positive coping control did not offer any differences between injured and uninjured pitchers. The negative effect of the injuries on the psychological variables studied showed different levels of relationship and dependence in these athletes studied.
